Skip to main content

Metals and Non-Metals – Quick Revision Notes (Class 10)

 

Metals and Non-Metals – Quick Revision Notes (Class 10)

A compact yet exam-oriented revision guide covering properties, reactions, metallurgy, corrosion, and everyday applications of metals and non-metals — perfectly curated for CBSE Class 10.

1. Physical Properties

Metals

  • Generally hard, shiny, malleable, ductile
  • Good conductors of heat & electricity
  • High melting & boiling points (except Na, K)

Non-Metals

  • Generally dull, brittle (exception: diamond)
  • Poor conductors (exception: graphite)
  • Low melting & boiling points
CBSE Trap: Mercury is a metal but liquid at room temperature.

2. Chemical Properties of Metals

(a) Reaction with Oxygen

Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide

$2Mg + O_2 \rightarrow 2MgO$

Tip: Metal oxides are generally basic.

(b) Reaction with Water

  • K, Na → Violent reaction
  • Ca → Less violent
  • Mg → Hot water
  • Fe → Steam

$2Na + 2H_2O \rightarrow 2NaOH + H_2 \uparrow$

(c) Reaction with Acids

Metal + Acid → Salt + $H_2$

Trap: Cu, Ag, Au do NOT react with dilute acids.

3. Reactivity Series

K Na Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Pb Cu Ag Au

Use: Predict displacement reactions & extraction method.

4. Extraction of Metals (Metallurgy)

(a) Ores

Minerals from which metals can be economically extracted.

(b) Steps

  1. Concentration of ore
  2. Roasting / Calcination
  3. Reduction

$ZnO + C \rightarrow Zn + CO$

Exam Tip: Highly reactive metals → Electrolysis.

5. Corrosion

Slow destruction of metals by air, moisture, chemicals.

Rusting of Iron:

$4Fe + 3O_2 + xH_2O \rightarrow 2Fe_2O_3 \cdot xH_2O$

Prevention

  • Painting
  • Galvanization
  • Alloying
CBSE Favourite: Galvanization = Zn coating on iron.

6. Properties of Non-Metals

  • Form acidic oxides
  • Gain electrons → anions

$Cl + e^- \rightarrow Cl^-$

7. Uses of Metals & Non-Metals

  • Iron → construction
  • Aluminium → aircraft
  • Copper → wiring
  • Oxygen → respiration
  • Nitrogen → fertilizers

8. High-Yield Exam Traps

  • All metals are not hard
  • All non-metals are not gases
  • Oxides can be amphoteric (Al₂O₃)
  • Displacement depends on reactivity series

9. Super-Fast Revision Box

Metals → Lose electrons → Basic oxides Non-metals → Gain electrons → Acidic oxides More reactive → Higher in series
© 2025 StudyBeacon · Class 10 Science
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Chemistry - periodic table PYQ 2022

Q.The first ionization enthalpy of Na, Mg and Si, respectively, are: 496, 737 and 786 kJ mol¹. The first ionization enthalpy (kJ mol¹) of Al is:                                                         ( JEE mains 2022) 1. 487  2.  768 3. 577 4. 856 Show Answer Ans:- [c] I. E: Na < Al < Mg < Si  .. 496 <IE (Al) < 737  Option (C), matches the condition .  i.e IE (Al) = 577 kJmol-¹
Post a Comment
Read more

Physics - JEE mains PYQ

 Q. Position of an ant (S in metres) moving in Y-Z plane is given by S=2t²j+5k (where t is in second). The magnitude and direction of velocity of the ant at t = 1 s will be :                                                         (Jee mains- 2024) 1. 16 m/s in y-direction  2. 4 m/s in x- direction  3. 9 m/s in z- direction  4. 4 m/s in y-direction  Show Answer 4 m/s in y-direction. v=ds/dt=4t ĵ At t = 1 sec v = 4ĵ More Questions kinametics PYQ
Post a Comment
Read more

Chemistry - metallurgy PYQ 2022

 Q. In metallurgy the term "gangue" is used for:                                                         ( JEE mains 2022 ) 1. Contamination of undesired earthy materials. 2. Contamination of metals, other than desired metal 3. Minerals which are naturally occuring in pure form 4.Magnetic impurities in an ore. Show Answer Ans:- [A] Earthy and undesired materials present in the ore, other then the desired metal, is known as gangue.
Post a Comment
Read more

Indefinite Integration: Complete Notes for JEE Mains & Advanced

Indefinite Integration – Complete Revision (JEE Mains & Advanced) Indefinite Integration is not about memorising random formulas — it is about identifying forms . JEE strictly rotates questions around a fixed set of standard integrals and methods . This note covers the entire official syllabus with zero gaps. 1. Definition \[ \int f(x)\,dx = F(x)+C \quad \text{where } \frac{dF}{dx}=f(x) \] 2. ALL Standard Integrals (Must Memorise) \(\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1}+C,\; n\neq-1\) \(\int \frac{1}{x}dx = \ln|x|+C\) \(\int e^x dx = e^x+C\) \(\int a^x dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln a}+C\) \(\int \sin x dx = -\cos x + C\) \(\int \cos x dx = \sin x + C\) \(\int \sec^2 x dx = \tan x + C\) \(\int \csc^2 x dx = -\cot x + C\) \(\int \sec x\tan x dx = \sec x + C\) \(\int \csc x\cot x dx = -\csc x + C\) 3. SIX IMPORTANT FORMS (JEE CORE) Form 1: \(\int \frac{1}{x^2+a^2}dx\) \[ = \frac{1}{a}\tan^{-1}\frac{x}{a}+C \] Form 2: \(\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}dx\) \[...
Post a Comment
Read more

Physics - Radioactivity PYQ 2023

 Q. The half-life of a radioactive nucleus is 5 years, The fraction of the original sample that would decay in 15 years is :                                                         ( JEE mains 2023) 1. 1/8 2. 1/4 3. 7/8 4. 3/4 Show Answer Ans. (3)  15 year = 3 half lives  Number of active nuclei = N/8  Number of decay = 7/8N
Post a Comment
Read more

Physics - simple harmonic motion pyq 2023

 Q. In a linear simple harmonic motion (SHM) (A) Restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement.  (B) The acceleration and displacement are opposite in direction.  (C) The velocity is maximum at mean position. (D) The acceleration is minimum at extreme points.  Choose the correct answer from the options given below:                                                         (JEE mains 2023) 1. (A), (B) and (C) only   2. (C) and (D) only 3. (A), (B) and (D) only 4. (A), (C) and (D) only Show Answer Ans. (1)   F=-kx,          A true  a=-w²x.      B true  Velocity is maximum at mean position, C true  Acceleration is maximum at extreme point, D false
Post a Comment
Read more

Physics - waves PYQ series 2023

 Q. The height of transmitting antenna is 180 m and the height of the receiving antenna is 245 m. The maximum distance between them for satisfactory communication in line of sight will be :                                                         ( JEE mains 2023) 1. 48 km 2. 56 km 3. 96 km 4. 104 km Ans. (4)   dmax = √(2Rh, +2Rh) = √2x64×105×180+2×64×105×245  = {(8× 6 × 10³) + (8 × 7 × 10³)} m  = (48 +56) km  = 104 km
Post a Comment
Read more

Chemistry - jee mains PYQ 2023

   Q. The volume (in mL) of 0.1 M AgNO3 required for complete precipitation of chloride ions present in 20 mL of 0.01 M solution of [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2 as silver chloride is                                                     (jee2023) Show Answer And: 4
Post a Comment
Read more

Chemistry PYQ - Question no. 6

 Q. Which structure of protein remains intact after coagulation of egg white on boiling?                                                         (JEE mains 2024) 1. Primary 2. Tertiary 3. Secondary 4.Quaternary Show Answer (1)  Boiling an egg causes denaturation of its protein resulting in loss of its quaternary, tertiary and secondary structures. Loading…
Post a Comment
Read more