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Life Processes- Revision capsule CBSE class 10th

 

Life Processes – Smart & Complete Quick Revision (Class 10)

This chapter explains the basic activities that keep organisms alive — nutrition, respiration, transport, and excretion — with strong emphasis on comparison, reasoning, and flow-based questions.

1. What Are Life Processes?

Life processes are the essential functions performed by living organisms to maintain life. These include obtaining food, releasing energy, transporting materials, and removing wastes.

Exam Insight: Viruses show life processes only inside a host — a favourite reasoning MCQ.

2. Nutrition

Modes of Nutrition

  • Autotrophic: Plants prepare food using sunlight
  • Heterotrophic: Animals depend on others

Photosynthesis (High Weightage)

Occurs in chloroplasts using chlorophyll.

$$ 6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{Sunlight, Chlorophyll} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 $$

  • Stomata regulate gas exchange
  • Light reaction → ATP, NADPH
  • Dark reaction → glucose formation
Trap: Oxygen released comes from water, not carbon dioxide.

Human Nutrition

Digestive system breaks complex food into simpler absorbable forms.

OrganFunction
MouthSalivary amylase digests starch
StomachHCl + pepsin digest proteins
Small intestineComplete digestion & absorption
Exam Trap: Bile contains no enzymes; it emulsifies fats.

3. Respiration

Respiration releases energy by breaking down food.

Aerobic Respiration

$$ C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy $$

Anaerobic Respiration

In yeast: $$ C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2C_2H_5OH + 2CO_2 + Energy $$

MCQ Favourite: Muscle cramps occur due to lactic acid accumulation.

4. Transport

Transport in Humans

  • Heart: Four-chambered, prevents mixing of blood
  • Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood
  • Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary vein)
Why double circulation? Efficient oxygen supply for high energy demand.

Transport in Plants

  • Xylem: Water transport (root pressure + transpiration pull)
  • Phloem: Food transport using ATP
Trap: Transpiration pull is strongest during daytime.

5. Excretion

Excretion in Humans

Kidneys remove nitrogenous wastes via nephrons.

  • Ultrafiltration
  • Selective reabsorption
  • Tubular secretion

Nitrogenous waste = Urea

Excretion in Plants

  • Resins, gums
  • Stomatal diffusion
  • Storage in leaves and bark

6. High-Yield Exam Checklist

  • Photosynthesis equation & logic
  • Differences: aerobic vs anaerobic
  • Bile function
  • Double circulation reasoning
  • Nephron diagram-based MCQs

Why Life Processes Is Scoring

This chapter tests understanding more than memory. Flow-based thinking, comparison questions, and assertion–reason dominate. Master concepts once, score repeatedly.

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